Conflux
Time factors
| Protocol time | Human readable time | |
|---|---|---|
Protocol time 1 | Block | 0.5 seconds |
Protocol time 2 | Round (PoS Block) | 1 minute |
Protocol time 3 | PoS Epoch (= 60 rounds) | 60 minutes |
First reward delay | 1 epoch | 60 minutes |
Reward frequency | At the end of every epoch | 60 minutes |
Unbonding period | 7 days | 7 days |
Block times are not fixed.
The main PoW chain has its own epoch definition that runs differently from PoS epochs. PoW epochs do not have a defined duration.
Lifecycle
Must know before staking
Minimum stake amount | ❌ | |
Partial stake changes | ✅ | |
Partial reward withdrawal | ❌ | |
Compounding | ❌ | |
Penalty | ❌ | |
Slashing | ✅ | Equivocation - 100% |
Unstaking condition. Only CFX that have been staked longer than 14 days can be unstaked.
Advanced topics
General
The protocol has two chains running simultaneously.
PoW chain handles transaction and contract execution. Miners execute transactions and propose blocks.
PoS chain handles finalization of the PoW chain and helps deter 51% attacks. Validators propose blocks.
Rewards
The protocol issues separate rewards for miners and validators.
Rewards come from newly issued tokens.
Target reward rate applied to staked tokens. New tokens are issued each epoch using the target reward rate. The target reward rate adjusts according to circulating supply and staked tokens.
Factors that impact realized rewards.
Commissions.
Risks
Slashing. Any validator that signs two different blocks at the same height will have their staked tokens locked permanently.
Validators
Total validator cap | ❌ | |
Validator requirements | ✅ | 1,000 CFX |
1,000 CFX is considered one single consensus vote. For example, if a validator has a stake of 100,000 CFX, the protocol will consider the validator to have 100 consensus votes.
Every PoS epoch, the protocol selects only 300 consensus votes to participate in securing the protocol. 50 consensus votes are rotated every epoch.
Delegation happens on a smart contract. Each validator has its own dedicated staking pool smart contract that helps pool stake.
Resources
Conflux economic paper: https://confluxnetwork.org/files/Conflux_Economic_Paper_20201230.pdf
Conflux protocol specification: https://confluxnetwork.org/files/Conflux_Protocol_Specification.pdf
Conflux documentation: https://developer.confluxnetwork.org/
Conflux explorer: https://www.confluxscan.io/
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