Conflux

Time factors

  • Block times are not fixed.

  • The main PoW chain has its own epoch definition that runs differently from PoS epochs. PoW epochs do not have a defined duration.

Lifecycle

Must know before staking

  • Unstaking condition. Only CFX that have been staked longer than 14 days can be unstaked.

Advanced topics

General

  • The protocol has two chains running simultaneously.

    • PoW chain handles transaction and contract execution. Miners execute transactions and propose blocks.

    • PoS chain handles finalization of the PoW chain and helps deter 51% attacks. Validators propose blocks.

Rewards

  • The protocol issues separate rewards for miners and validators.

  • Rewards come from newly issued tokens.

    • Target reward rate applied to staked tokens. New tokens are issued each epoch using the target reward rate. The target reward rate adjusts according to circulating supply and staked tokens.

  • Factors that impact realized rewards.

    • Commissions.

Risks

  • Slashing. Any validator that signs two different blocks at the same height will have their staked tokens locked permanently.

Validators

  • 1,000 CFX is considered one single consensus vote. For example, if a validator has a stake of 100,000 CFX, the protocol will consider the validator to have 100 consensus votes.

  • Every PoS epoch, the protocol selects only 300 consensus votes to participate in securing the protocol. 50 consensus votes are rotated every epoch.

  • Delegation happens on a smart contract. Each validator has its own dedicated staking pool smart contract that helps pool stake.

Resources

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