Casper Network
Last updated
Last updated
Protocol time | Human readable time | |
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Block times are not fixed.
Delegator cap. A validator can have a maximum of 1,200 delegators.
Delegation fee. When delegating for the first time, the protocol charges delegators a one-time fee of 3 CSPR.
Rewards are directly added to the staking balance of stakers.
Rewards come from newly issued tokens and transaction fees.
Fixed inflation rate applied to total token supply. The protocol issues 8% of total token supply as rewards for stakers.
Transaction fees. A block proposing validator receives all transaction fees from that block.
Factors that impact realized rewards.
Block finalization. If a block was not finalized in a reasonable timeframe, rewards are reduced for that block.
Commissions.
Penalty. A validator that is offline for an entire era is considered inactive. The validator will lose any rewards earned for that era and will be queued to exit in 2 eras. For example, if Alice is flagged inactive in era N, she will lose all rewards earned for era N. She will be required to perform regular validator duties in era N+1 before being exited in era N+2.
Slashing. A validator that signs two conflicting messages at the same block height is considered faulty. The validator will lose any rewards earned for that era and will be immediately exited. For example, if Bob is flagged faulty in era N, he will lose all rewards earned for era N. He will not be part of the validator set from era N+1.
A validator that is considered inactive or faulty can be reactivated anytime.
Casper documentation: https://docs.casper.network/
Casper explorer: https://cspr.live/
Minimum stake amount
✅
500 CSPR
Partial stake changes
✅
Partial reward withdrawal
✅
Compounding
✅
Penalty
⚠️
Offline
Slashing
⚠️
Equivocation
Total validator cap
✅
100
Validator requirements
❌
Protocol time 1
Block
33 seconds
Protocol time 2
Era (= 220 blocks)
2 hours
First reward delay
2 eras
4 hours
Reward frequency
At the final block of every era
2 hours
Unbonding period
7 eras
14 hours