BNB Chain

Time factors

	Protocol time	Human readable time
Protocol time	Block	3 seconds
First reward delay	2 days	2 days
Reward frequency	Daily at 00:00 UTC	1 day
Unbonding period	7 days	7 days

• The protocol does not have a separate definition of time. Changes to staking get reflected every day at 00:00 UTC.

Lifecycle

• There is a 2 day delay for staking rewards to be calculated and distributed to stakers.

Must know before staking

Minimum stake amount	✅	1 BNB
Partial stake changes	✅
Partial reward withdrawals	❌
Compounding	❌
Penalty	✅	Offline - 50 BNB
Slashing	✅	Equivocation - 10,000 BNB

• Reward payouts occur at the first block after 00:00 UTC.

• Slashing and penalty apply to the validator’s own stake.

Advanced topics

General

• Staking happens on BNB Beacon Chain. BNB Smart Chain is where execution happens. BNB Beacon Chain is where consensus and governance occurs.

• Reward payouts occur at breathe blocks. The first block after 00:00 UTC is called a breathe block. This is when any staking changes are applied and rewards are distributed.

Rewards

• Rewards come from transaction fees. BNB Smart Chain burns 10% of the transaction fees incurred on its chain (see BEP-95 for more on fee burns). The rest is distributed to validators and stakers as rewards.

• Factors that impact realized rewards.

  • Validator performance. If a validator misses more than 50 blocks in a given day, that validator will not receive any rewards for that day.

  • Commissions.

Risks

• Slashing and penalty apply to the validator’s own stake. Delegators’ stake is not at risk.

Validators

Total validator cap	✅	29 (21 active, 8 candidates)
Validator requirements	✅	10,000 BNB

Resources

• BNB Chain whitepaper: https://github.com/bnb-chain/whitepaper/blob/master/WHITEPAPER.md

• BNB Chain documentation: https://docs.bnbchain.org/docs/stake/Staking

• BNB Beacon Chain explorer: https://explorer.bnbchain.org/